RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiration:
Respiration is a process of uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide from tissues of the body.
The cells in the body derive energy mainly by utilizing oxygen.carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced as a by-product.Carbon dioxide has to be eliminated from the cell.
Unicellular Organisms exchange oxygen and CO2 directly with the external environment.Multicellular organisms require a specialized system to exchange O2 and CO2 with the external environment.This complex function is performed by the respiratory system.
External respiration:Exhange of gases between the atmosphere and the lungs.
Internal respiration; Exchange of gases between blood and tissues.
Respiration Involves two processes:
1.Inspiration:During this phase air is taken into the lungs from the atmosphere
2.Expiration:During this phase air is expelled out of the lungs.
Normal respiratory rate is 12-18cycles/min
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY:
The respiratory tract includes nasal cavities,paranasalsinuses,pharynx,laxynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles and alveoli.
AIRWAYS:
The air passes from the nose to the nasal cavities and later into the pharynx.The pharynx is a common passage for air and food.It continues into larynx.The larynx contains vocal cords.
The larynx opens into a long tube called the trachea.The trachea divides into two bronchi.Each bronchus enters the lungs.Within the lungs they branch further into bronchioles are termed respiratory bronchioles.
Upper Respiratory Tract:
The part of the respiratory passage from the nostrils up to vocal cords is called the upper respiratory tract.It performs two important functions.
*Filter larger particles present in the inhaled air.
*Adjust the temperature of inhaled air close to body temperature.
*Humidifies air as it enters the body.
Lower Respiratory tract:
The respiratory passage below the vocal cords is called the lower respiratory tract.
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