HEART

Introduction:

Heart is actually two separate pumps: 

         *right heart that pumps blood through the lungs.

         *left heart that pumps blood through the systemic circulation that provides blood flow to the other organs and tissues of the body.

In turn, each of these hearts is a pulsatile two-chamber pump composed of an atrium and a ventricle. Each atrium is a weak primer pump for the ventricle, helping to move blood into the ventricle.

The ventricles then supply the main pumping force that propels the blood either.

   * through the pul-monary circulation by the right ventricle.

           Or

   * through  Systemic circulation by the left ventricle.

Rythemic beat:

Special mechanisms in the heart cause a continuing succession of heart contractions called cardiac rhythmicity, transmitting action potentials throughout the cardiac muscle to cause the heart’s rhythmical beat.

PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE:

The heart is composed of three major types of cardiac muscle: atrial muscle ventricular muscle, and specialized excitatory and conductive muscle fibers. The atrial and 

ventricular types of muscle contract in much the same way as skeletal muscle, except that the duration of contraction is much longer. The specialized excitatory and conductive fibers of the heart, however, contract only feebly because they contain few contractile fibrils; instead,they exhibit either automatic rhythmical electrical dis-

charge in the form of action potentials or conduction of the action potentials through the heart, providing an excitatory system that controls the rhythmical beating of 

the heart.

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